LL-37 induces apoptotic cell death in the urinary bladder.

<p>The mucosal cells in the urinary bladder undergo apoptotic cell death and are removed quickly. TUNEL stain (top panels) and corresponding bright field (bottom panels) images of bladders from (A) normal animal, (B) normal bladder treated with TACS nuclease for positive control, (C) 1 hr after LL-37 (320 µM) challenge, and (D) 3 hr after LL-37 challenge. Red lines indicate the urothelial layers. Lu is the lumen of the bladder.