Proliferation, cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of AM substrates cultured directly with corneal epithelial cells.

<p>Levels were measured in cultures of hiCEC (<b>A</b>, <b>D</b> and <b>G</b>), pCEC (<b>B</b>, <b>E</b> and <b>H</b>) and pKer (<b>C</b>, <b>F</b> and <b>I</b>) by WST-1, LDH and caspase-3 assays. Cells were cultured with AM substrates over a 5 day period and changes in levels are relative to the previous day. Dried and AM substrates pre-treated with trehalose or raffinose stimulated proliferation of CEC with levels comparable or greater to indirect cultures and reduced the proliferation of pKer. Denuded and cryopreserved substrates produced a negative effect on proliferation across all the cell types. The overall cytotoxic apoptotic effects were greater than in cells cultured indirectly and more pronounced when cultured with denuded and cryopreserved substrates. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM based on three separate experiments. ^*p<0.05 increase or decrease compared to cells cultured with cryopreserved AM; ^# p<0.05 increase or decrease compared to cells cultured with dried AM; ^• p<0.05 increase or decrease compared to cells cultured with raffinose treated AM.