The synergistic interactions between TNF-α and AVP in the choroid plexus epithelium as assessed by real-time RT-PCR (A) and ELISA (B).

<p>The choroid plexus epithelial cells Z310 were incubated for the indicated periods of time with either TNF-α alone (5 ng/ml) or a combination of TNF-α (5 ng/ml) and AVP (1 nM). Cyclophilin A (Cycl-A) was used for the normalization of RT-PCR data. The concentrations of proinflammatory mediators were measured in the cell culture media collected at the end of the experiment. *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01 for treatment versus control. ^†<i>p</i><0.05, ^††<i>p</i><0.01 for TNF-α + AVP versus TNF-α alone (<i>n</i> = 3–4 per group).