Reduced expression of the <i>NDL</i> genes affects vegetative organ development in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.

<p>Vegetative growth of <i>ndlM</i> mutant plants with reduced expression of all three <i>NDL</i> genes. (<b>A</b>) Altered phyllotactic pattern of <i>ndlM</i> mutants and Col-0 wild-type plants (inset) during early stages of development. <i>ndlM</i> mutants, but not Col-0 plants, show asymmetrical leaf emergence (the red arrow points to the missing partner of the leaf pair). (<b>B</b>) Some <i>ndlM</i> mutants form an <i>Arabidopsis</i> tricot mutant-like structure (red arrow). (<b>C</b>) Leaf phenotype of <i>ndlM</i> mutants. Some of the early rosette/vegetative leaves show defects in leaf shape and size. The arrow points to the notch of a heart-shaped leaf with an enlarged lamina. (<b>D</b>) More than 80% of <i>ndlM</i> mutant plants displayed twinning or the formation of multiple rosettes. The arrow points to the center of a twinned rosette. (<b>E</b>) <i>ndlM</i> mutant primary shoots emerging from a twinned rosette. The red arrows point to rosette paraclades.