Histopathology scores of DSS-treated <i>Smad3^−/−</i> and <i>Smad3/Rag-DKO</i> mice treated with different doses of DSS.

<p><i>Smad3^+/−</i>, <i>Smad3^−/−</i> and <i>Smad3/Rag-DKO</i> (DKO) mice were treated with either a single DSS cycle or 9 cycles of DSS. Experimental endpoint was 17 weeks. A) IBD score, B) Invasion score, C) Summed dysplasia score and (D) Distribution score (as described in materials and methods) are shown for individuals in each treatment group. Negative control groups were all statistically different (significance not shown in figure) from their respective DSS-treated group except for untreated water vs. 1.5% DSS <i>Smad3^−/−</i> in (B). <i>*P</i>≤<i>0.05, **P</i>≤<i>0.01.</i>