Effects of kaempferol on the signaling pathways.

<p>SCC4 cells were treated with various doses of kaempferol (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µM) for 24 hours and whole cell lysates prepared from these cells were used for western blot analysis with (A) anti-ERK1/2, (B) anti-JNK1/2 and (C) anti-p38 (total and phosphorylated) antibodies as described in the <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0080883#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a> section. The values represented the means ± SD of at least three independent experiments. *p<0.05 as compared with the control.