Inhibition of GSK-3 influenced directional persistence and locomotion speed of human glioma cell migration.

<p>(A) Scheme to define the speed and relative step angles as described in <i>Materials and Method</i>. (B) Morphological changes of the U87 cells treated with LiCl. <i>Red</i>: rhodamine phalloidin. <i>Original magnification, 400×</i>. (C) Decreased locomotion speed of the U87 cells upon LiCl treatment. Data were mean ± SD of ten cells in each group ** <i>P</i><0.01 versus DMSO. (D) The representative migration traces of the cells in the presence or absence of LiCl, with the starting point of migration superimposed at the origin of the X-Y plot. (E) The relative step angle of representative four migrating cells in the presence or absence of LiCl. Relative step angle and direction change were defined as described in <i>Materials and Methods</i>. Negative or positive values in <i>y-axis</i> indicated angles in clockwise or counter-clockwise turn, respectively. Red line at 60°or -60° outlined time points when a direction change occurred (beyond the field of -60°<⊿α<60°). LiCl, 20mM.