Astrocytic expression of HLA-DP, DQ, DR is increased by IFNy, and not changed by TGFβ₁ or M-CSF.

<p>A) Adult human GFAP +ve astrocytes (red) express variable levels of HLA-DP, DQ, DR (green) in basal conditions without any treatment. B) IFNy (1 ng/ml, 96 h) increased astroglial expression of HLA-DP, DQ, DR. C) TGFβ₁ (10 ng/ml) did not affect astrocyte HLA-DP, DQ, DR expression alone, or when enhanced by IFNy treatment (D). E) M-CSF (25 ng/ml) also did not affect basal HLA-DP, DQ, DR expression in astrocytes or IFNy-enhanced HLA-DP, DQ, DR expression in astrocytes (F). Insets show close-up examples of astrocytes indicated by arrows. Scale bar = 100 µm. G) A significant increase in percentage of HLA-DP, DQ, DR-immunopositive astrocytes is found with IFNy treatment. Neither TGFβ₁ nor M-CSF significantly affect astrocyte HLA-DP, DQ, DR protein expression (N = 12). H) Quantification of GFAP-immunopositive astrocyte cell number (per well) following treatment with IFNy, TGFβ₁ or M-CSF does not result in any significant differences compared to vehicle-treated cells (N = 12).