ER stress markers and BH3-only proteins are elevated in human <i>H. pylori-</i>infected mucosa.

<p>(A) mRNA was extracted from the biopsy specimen of <i>H. pylori</i>-negative and -positive gastric mucosa. Real-time PCR to quantify GRP78 mRNA expression was performed on the samples. Differences between groups were compared by using an unpaired two-tailed <i>t</i>-test. p<0.01, <i>H. pylori</i>-negative samples vs <i>H. pylori-</i>positive samples. <i>H. pylori</i> (−) n = 14, <i>H. pylori</i> (+) n = 22. (B) Immunohistochemistry of GRP78 in human gastric mucosa. GRP78 is identified by brown peroxidase staining. Right panel shows <i>H. pylori</i>-infected gastric mucosa (strong-positive GRP78 signal throughout the epithelium) and left panel shows healthy <i>H. pylori</i>-negative gastric mucosa (a lower GRP78 signal). Original magnification was 40×. (C) mRNA was extracted from the biopsy specimen of <i>H. pylori</i>-negative and -positive gastric mucosa. Real-time PCR of Bim (left panel) and PUMA (right panel) was performed on the samples. Differences between groups were compared by using an unpaired two-tailed <i>t</i>-test. <i>H. pylori</i> (−) n = 14, <i>H. pylori</i> (+) n = 22, *<i>p<0.001, *</i>*<i>p<0.05, H. pylori</i> negative samples <i>vs H. pylori</i> positive samples.