Augmentation of autophagy induced by LPS in Rab39a-KD macrophages.

<p>(A) Immunostaining analysis of LPS-induced autophagy in Rab39a-KD macrophages. Raw264.7 macrophages transfected with control or Rab39a siRNA were treated with LPS for 24 h and immunostained with anti-LC3 antibody. An arrowhead indicates an LC3-dot fluorescence. (B) Proportion of Raw264.7 macrophages with LC3-dots induced by LPS stimulation for 24 h. Data represent the mean and SD of three or four independent experiments. *<i>p</i> < 0.05 (unpaired Student’s <i>t</i>-test). (C) Immunoblot analysis of LC3 processing in macrophages treated with LPS. Raw264.7 macrophages transfected with control or Rab39a siRNA were treated with LPS for 24 h and subjected to immunoblot analysis using indicated antibodies. (D) Autophagic flux in Rab39a-KD macrophages treated with LPS. Raw264.7 macrophages treated with control or Rab39a siRNA were treated with LPS in the absence or presence of protease inhibitors, E64d and pepstatin A, for 24 h. Cell lysates were subjected to immunoblot analysis using indicated antibodies.