AMA1 sequence diversity and allelic coverage of four monovalent vaccines as compared to the QV.

<p>(<b>A</b>) A dendrogram constructed with full-length AMA1 sequences from the 26 target strains tested in GIA and 175 field strain sequences obtained from Genbank (<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003840#ppat.1003840.s009" target="_blank">Table S1</a>). <i>P. berghei</i> (rodent) and <i>P. reichenowi</i> (chimpanzee) sequences were also included. (+) indicates that this allelic AMA1 protein was included in QV. The colored boxes were the 8 target strains used in the WRAIR GIA. (<b>B</b>) ELISA titers (×1000) for the five vaccine groups tested against 7 allelic proteins. Symbols are mean of three rabbits and lines are median titer across strains. (<b>C</b>) Box-and-whiskers plot using individual rabbit ELISA data grouped on the basis of whether the coat antigen-antisera combinations were homologous or heterologous and whether monovalent or QV rabbits were tested. The number under each box represents the total number of protein-antisera combinations included. (*) indicates, p<0.01, (**) p<0.001, (***) p<0.0001 and (****) p<0.0001 for ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test. (<b>D</b>) One-cycle GIA of the five vaccine groups against four non-vaccine and four vaccine strains using 1∶5 whole serum dilution. Symbols in <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003840#ppat-1003840-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1B and 1D</a> and 1F are matched, except strain SA250 that was only tested in the GIA. Each symbol is mean of three rabbits tested in two experiments and lines are median inhibition across strains. (<b>E</b>) GIA data from individual rabbits from three experiments grouped similar to the ELISA data, except the groups were made based on homologous and heterologous parasite-antisera combinations. (<b>F</b>) GIA activity of pooled QV sera was compared to a pool of the highest titer rabbit sera in the four monovalent vaccine groups 3D7+FVO+HB3+W2mef (4-Way pool). Lines are median inhibition across 8 target parasite strains; representative of 2 experiments is shown.