Female ρ1 (−/−) mice showed decreased ethanol conditioned taste aversion.

<p>Data represent the changes in saccharin consumption produced by injection of saline or ethanol expressed as percent of control trial (Trial 0). A. Development of CTA in males (n = 9–10 for saline injection for both genotypes; n = 20 for ethanol injection for both genotypes). Saline-Ethanol pairings for wild type mice: (F_1,28 = 44.9, p<0.001, effect of treatment; F_4,112 = 22.4, p<0.001, dependence on trial; F_4,112 = 24.9, p<0.001, treatment x trial interaction). Saline-Ethanol pairings for ρ1 null mice: (F_1,27 = 28.3, p<0.001, effect of treatment; F_4,108 = 19.4, p<0.001, dependence on trial; F_4,108 = 19.0, p<0.001, treatment x trial interaction). Genotype-Saline pairings: (F_4,68 = 6.6, p<0.001, effect of trial; no dependence on genotype or genotype-trial interaction). Genotype-Ethanol pairings: (F_4,152 = 101, p<0.001, effect of trial; no dependence on genotype or genotype-trial interaction). B. Development of CTA in females (n = 9–10 for saline injection for both genotypes; n = 12–20 for ethanol injection for both genotypes). Saline-Ethanol pairings for wild type mice: (F_1,128 = 64.4, p<0.001, effect of treatment; F_4,112 = 16.5, p<0.001, dependence on trial; F_4,112 = 25.8, p<0.001, treatment x trial interaction). Saline-Ethanol pairings for ρ1 null mice: (F_1,19 = 14.3, p<0.01, effect of treatment; F_4,76 = 26.2, p<0.001, dependence on trial; F_4,76 = 25.2, p<0.001, treatment x trial interaction). Genotype-Saline pairings: (F_4,68 = 10.5, p<0.001, effect of trial; no dependence on genotype or genotype-trial interaction). Genotype-Ethanol pairings: (F1_,30 = 12.3, p<0.001, effect of genotype, F_4,120 = 80.9, p<0.001, dependence on trial and no dependence on genotype; F_4,120 = 5.9, p<0.001, genotype x trial interaction). Values represent mean ± S.E.M. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. ρ1 (−/−) = ρ1 null mice; (+/+) = wild type mice; EtOH = ethanol.