Phylogenetic analysis of prophenoloxidases (PPOs).

<p>The used amino acid sequences of 58 PPOs are from <i>Ostrinia</i> (Of), <i>Drosophila</i> (Dm), <i>Anopheles</i> (Ag), <i>Aedes</i> (Aa), <i>Culex</i> (Cq), <i>Bombyx</i> (Bm), <i>Manduca</i> (Ms), <i>Sarcophaga bullata</i> (Sb), <i>Musca domestica</i> (Md), <i>Armigeres subalbatus</i> (As), <i>Galleria mellonella</i> (Gm), <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> (Ha), <i>Hyphantria cunea</i> (Hc), <i>Holotrichia diomphalia</i> (Hd), <i>Plodia interpunctella</i> (Pi), <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> (Se), <i>Spodoptera litura</i> (Sl), <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> (Tm). The 1∶1 and 1∶1∶1 orthologs including OfPPOs are present in the tree. A-C denotes the cluster specific for lepidopteran, dipteran, and coleopteran PPOs, respectively. For explanation of the arrows see Fig. 6.