The spatial patterns of genetic diversity at expansion fronts given various boundary motion speeds.

<p>The spatial patterns of genetic diversity were described by the width and number of genetically homogeneous domains (A, B) and genetic clines (C, D), pairwise differences in PX (E), PXY (F) and Pc (G), and the mean frequency of the power spectrum (H) at expansion fronts during PhLREs (red dashed lines) and BLREs (solid lines). The speeds of boundary motion, indicated by generation to complete the boundary motion, varied from 800 to 7900 generations (red: 800, yellow: 1000, green: 2000, blue: 4000, purple: 6000, dark: 7900). The black dashed lines described the spatial genetic patterns at a distance of 20 grids and 8000 generations, which were generated in the non-expansion simulations. Other parameters were set as follows: <i>r</i> = 3, <i>m</i> = 0.2, and the initial allele frequency = 0.5.