Photograph of trichrome-stains of 100 µm sections of the orthopaedic implant and surrounding osseous tissue (bone tissue in green/blue).

<p>Four weeks after surgery no relevant difference of bone-to-implant contact rate or bone density around implant is seen between AAT (A), ODN (B), BMP-ODN (C), and VEGF-ODN group (D). Twelve weeks after surgery bone-to-implant contact rate was increased within the BMP-ODN group (G) when compared to AAT (E) whereas the other groups (AAT (E), ODN (F), VEGF-ODN group (H)) showed no relevant differences. AAT: Al₂O₃-blasted acid etched titanium; ODN: anchor strands of oligonucleotides bound to titanium; BMP-ODN: rhBMP modified with 31-mer Oligonucleotides; VEGF-ODN: rhVEGF modified with 31-mer Oligonucleotides.