GPIs of the PTG strain activate TLR4/NF-κB signaling.

<p>(<b>A</b>) CHO cells expressing TLR2 (TLR2⁺), TLR4 (TLR4⁺), or neither (TLR2⁻/TLR4⁻) were either untreated (black line) or exposed to the four different GPIs (II, III, V and VI) extracted from 1×10⁹ parasites (gray line). CD25 expression was measured by FACS analysis 18 h after stimulation. The figure is representative of three independent experiments. Percentage = [percentage of CD25 expression (M2) on GPI-stimulated cells] minus [percentage of CD25 expression (M2) on medium stimulated cells]. (<b>B</b>) Macrophages were incubated for 15, 30, or 60 min with GPI VI extracted from 4×10⁸ PTG strain parasites. Total nuclear protein content was tested using a NF-κB assay as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0085386#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. The figure is a representative experiment with PTG GPI VI and similar results were obtained with GPIs II, III and V of the PTG strain. ^**P<0.005 compared to medium control.