CA increases the differentiation of IL-22⁺ mouse CD4⁺ T cells <i>in vitro</i>.

<p>(A) Flow cytometric analysis of IL-17 and IL-22 production in sorted naïve mouse CD4⁺ T cells from C57BL/6 (<i>Ahr</i>^+/+) or <i>Ahr^−/−</i> mice stimulated under polarizing conditions (with IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, anti-IFNγ, and anti-IL12/23) in the presence of DMSO or CA (35 µM). (B) Flow cytometric data for IL-22 (top panel) and IL-17 (bottom panel) production from six independent experiments in C57BL/6 mice were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Dunn's Multiple Comparison test. *, p<0.05. **, p<0.01. DMSO controls for the 25 and 35 µM CA experiments are shown separately. (C) Flow cytometric analysis of IL-17 and IL-22 production in C57BL/6 mouse naïve CD4⁺ T cells stimulated under polarizing conditions in the presence of DMSO or CA, with or without AHR antagonist, CH-223191 (10 µM). Data are representative of three independent experiments. (D) Flow cytometric analysis of FOXP3 expression in sorted naïve wild-type mouse CD4⁺ T cells stimulated with increasing concentrations of TGFβ. Quantification of %FOXP3⁺CD25⁺ T cells of CD4⁺ cells from four independent experiments is shown in the panel on the right. Error bars are SD. (E) Flow cytometric analysis of IFN-γ production in sorted naïve wild-type mouse CD4⁺ T cells stimulated under polarizing conditions (as in panel A) in the presence of DMSO or CA. Data are from seven independent experiments (right) were analyzed by Friedman ANOVA; no statistically significant differences were found.