AMP triggers ROS generation in breast cancer cells.

<p>(A) Dose- dependent effects of Ampelopsin (AMP) on cellular ROS levels. MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of AMP for 24-h, and cellular ROS levels were assessed using 10 µM DCFH-DA, with the resulting fluorescence read on a fluorescence microplate reader. (B) The effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on AMP-induced ROS generation. After pre-treatment with 5 mM NAC for 2-h, followed by treatment with 60 µM AMP for 24-h, cellular ROS levels were measured. (C) And (D) Representative fluorescence microscopy images of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. Cells were treated as described in (A) and visualized by confocal microscopy. The results of A and B represent the mean±S.E.M. of three independent experiments, *<i>P</i><0.05.