Malaria parasitemia by blood smear among iron deficient and non-deficient participants, by definition of iron deficiency during pregnancy.

<p>Footnote: CI: confidence interval. CRP: C-Reactive Protein. EP: Erthyrocyte protoporphyrin. Hb: hemoglobin. *Use of adjusted odds ratios: Kapito-Tembo 2010: odds ratio adjusted for CD4 count, gravidity, and intestinal infections, Dreyfuss: odds ratio adjusted for hookworm infection, serum retinol and trimester of pregnancy. **Iron deficiency definition: Ferritin <30 ng/mL & CRP< = 8.2 ng/mL or ferritin <70 ng/mL & CRP>8.2 ng/mL. The weight for each study is indicated as a grey block around the risk estimate. For Dreyfuss 2000, malaria parasitemia was limited to <i>P. vivax</i> in Asia. All other studies were conducted in Africa where <i>P. falciparum</i> is the predominant species.