Major forest types in Liaoning province and forest type groups in this study.

1<p>: Sum of plots established in this study for field data collection and plots described in published studies</p>2<p>: Plots established in this study for field data collection</p>3<p>: This species was singled out in the latest forest inventory (FDL, 2013), accounting for 5.44% and 1.54% of provincial forest area and growing stock, respectively.</p>4<p>: These include <i>Fraxinus mandshurica</i>, <i>Juglans mandshurica</i>, <i>Phellodendron amurense</i>, <i>Betula platyphylla</i>, <i>Betula costata</i>, <i>Ulmus pumila</i>, <i>Acer mono</i> and other hardwood tree species dominant in the forest types listed in national forest inventories.