Seed species diversity in spider monkeys' latrines located in continuous and fragmented forests in the Lacandona region, Mexico.

<p>From left to right, the panels show γ-, β-, and α-components of diversity at three spatial scales. The diversity of the landscape (γ_land; panel a) was partitioned into mean β- (b) and α- (c) diversities within the two forest conditions. The diversity within each forest condition (γ_forest; panel d) was partitioned into mean β- (e) and α- (f) diversities in the sites. Finally, the diversity within each site (γ_site; panel g) was partitioned into mean β- (h) and α- (i) diversities in latrines. Mean (± SE) α-diversities per forest condition, per site and per latrine is indicated in panels c, f and i, respectively (in panels f and i, significant differences are indicated with asterisks; * <i>P</i><0.05; ** <i>P</i><0.01; n.s. <i>P</i>>0.05). In all cases, we evaluated true diversities of order 0 (species richness), 1 (exponential of Shannon's entropy), and 2 (inverse Simpson concentration); however, in panel e we compared the relative compositional dissimilarity between forest conditions using the transformation of beta proposed by Jost (2007) for communities with different numbers of samples (CF: <i>n</i> = 2; FF: <i>n</i> = 3) (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0089346#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>).