Luteolin inhibits IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF production from TNF-triggered HaCaT keratinocytes.

<p>HaCaT cells were pretreated with luteolin (1–100 µM) for various times as indicated and then stimulated with TNF (50 ng/mL, 24 h). Mediators in the supernatant fluids were measured by ELISA: (A) IL-6; (B) IL-8; (C) VEGF. The mRNA expression levels of (D) IL-6, (E) IL-8 and (F) VEGF were also determined after TNF stimulation (50 ng/mL, 6 h) by qRT-PCR (h = hours; n = 3, * p<0.05).