A Microarray-Based Analysis of Gametogenesis in Two Portuguese Populations of the European Clam <i>Ruditapes decussatus</i>

<div><p>The European clam, <i>Ruditapes decussatus</i> is a species with a high commercial importance in Portugal and other Southern European countries. Its production is almost exclusively based on natural recruitment, which is subject to high annual fluctuations. Increased knowledge of the natural reproductive cycle of <i>R. decussatus</i> and its molecular mechanisms would be particularly important in providing new highly valuable genomic information for better understanding the regulation of reproduction in this economically important aquaculture species. In this study, the transcriptomic bases of <i>R. decussatus</i> reproduction have been analysed using a custom oligonucleotide microarray representing 51,678 assembled contigs. Microarray analyses were performed in four gonadal maturation stages from two different Portuguese wild populations, characterized by different responses to spawning induction when used as progenitors in hatchery. A comparison between the two populations elucidated a specific pathway involved in the recognition signals and binding between the oocyte and components of the sperm plasma membrane. We suggest that this pathway can explain part of the differences in terms of spawning induction success between the two populations. In addition, sexes and reproductive stages were compared and a correlation between mRNA levels and gonadal area was investigated. The lists of differentially expressed genes revealed that sex explains most of the variance in gonadal gene expression. Additionally, genes like <i>Foxl2</i>, <i>vitellogenin</i>, <i>condensing 2</i>, <i>mitotic apparatus protein p62</i>, <i>Cep57</i>, <i>sperm associated antigens 6, 16</i> and <i>17</i>, <i>motile sperm domain containing protein 2</i>, <i>sperm surface protein Sp17</i>, <i>sperm flagellar proteins 1 and 2</i> and <i>dpy-30</i>, were identified as being correlated with the gonad area and therefore supposedly with the number and/or the size of the gametes produced.</p>