Macrophage infiltration of AAA microvessels.

<p><b>A</b>, Elastica van Gieson staining of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Immunohistochemistry for podoplanin (<b>B</b>) and macrophages (<b>C</b>), CD19 (<b>E</b>), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) of the AAA wall. <b>B</b>, Lymphatic microvessels in the intima/media of the AAA (red dotted line encircling lymphatic microvessels). <b>C</b>, Macrophages infiltration around/within lymphatic microvessels in the intima/media or in adventitia (red square: macrophages in intima/media, black square: macrophages in adventitia). <b>D</b>, CD3-positive T cells infiltration around/within lymphatic microvessels in the intima/media or in adventitia. <b>E</b>, CD19-positive B cells infiltration around/within lymphatic microvessels in the intima/media or in adventitia. <b>F</b>, MPO-positive neutrophils infiltration in the intima/media or in adventitia. <b>G–P</b>, Double immunofluorescence staining of macrophages infiltrating the intima/media (In) and adventitia (Ad). <b>G–P</b>, Macrophage: green, CD11b (<b>G</b>)/LYVE-1 (<b>H</b>)/VEGF-C (<b>I</b>)/MMP-9 (<b>J</b>)/TGF-β1 (<b>K</b>)/IL-4 (<b>L</b>)/IL-8 (<b>M</b>)/MIP-1α (<b>N</b>)/IFN-γ (<b>O</b>)/MCP-1 (<b>P</b>): red, DAPI: blue. LYVE-1, VEGF-C, MMP-9, TGF-β1, IL-4, IL-8, MIP-1α, and MCP-1 were expressed in the CD11b-positive macrophages in the intima/media, but not by macrophages in adventitia. <b>Q</b>, Double immunofluorescence staining of T-cells in intima/media and inflammatory cytokines. CD3: green, VEGF-C/MMP-9/TGF-β1/IL-4/IL-8/MIP-1α/IFN-γ/MCP-1: red, DAPI: blue. TGF-β1, IL-4, and IFN-γ were expressed in CD3-positive T lymphocytes in the intima/media. <b>R</b>, Double immunofluorescence staining of B lymphocytes in the intima/media and inflammatory cytokines. CD19: green, VEGF-C/MMP-9/TGF-β1/IL-4/IL-8/MIP-1α/IFN-γ/MCP-1: red, DAPI: blue. These inflammatory cytokines were not expressed in CD19-positive B lymphocytes. <b>S</b>, Double immunofluorescence staining of neutrophils in intima/media and inflammatory cytokines. MPO: green, VEGF-C/MMP-9/TGF-β1/IL-4/IL-8/MIP-1α/IFN-γ/MCP-1: red, DAPI: blue. These inflammatory cytokines were not expressed in MPO-positive neutrophils. Scale bars indicated 100 µm (<b>A–F</b>) and 10 µm (<b>G–S</b>).