L4–L5 range of motion (in degrees), corresponding to a moment of 8 Nm in flexion and 6 Nm in extension, ±6 Nm in lateral bending, and ±5 Nm in axial rotation.

<p>Abbreviations:</p><p>FE = Flexion-Extention.</p><p>MI –D = Minimally invasive decompression.</p><p>TD = Traditional decompression.</p><p>WTD = Wide traditional decompression.</p><p>(SD) = Standard deviation.</p><p>(*denotes statistically significant difference from the intact condition;</p>†<p>denotes statistically significant difference from the MI-D condition).</p><p>The values in parentheses denote one standard deviation of the mean.