A Point-of-no-return for pharmacological reversal of heart remodeling.

<p>(<i>A</i>) MVD was determined after 35weeks of sVEGF-R1 induction during the last 3 weeks of which some of the dTg mice were treated with Enalapril (ENA). N = 3 mice per treatment group and 3 HPFs were measured for each mouse. (<i>B</i>) Gross examination of cardiac size and comparison between control (upper), dTg at 35 week induction (middle) and dTg after 32 weeks induction and 3 weeks of Enalapril treatment (lower). (<i>C</i>) Gross sections at the level of the papillary muscles of control and dTg hearts with and without 3 weeks treatment, as indicated. (<i>D</i>) Cardiomyocyte area in control and dTg hearts with or without the indicated treatment. N = 3 mice and 25-30 cardiomyocytes were analyzed for each section. (<i>E</i>) Heart to body weight ratio in the same mice shown in D.