Pro-apoptotic markers are decreased after IGFBP-3 NB injections.

<p>For all studies, groups are control (ctrl), diabetic (Diabetic), Diabetic +IGFBP-3 NB (Diab +BP3), Diabetic +CMV (Diab+CMV), Diabetic+IGFBP-3 NB left eye (Diab+BP3 contra) and Diabetic+CMV left eye (Diab+CMV Contra). Panels A&B show that Bax (A) and cleaved caspase 3 (B) levels are all decreased after the IGFBP-3 NB intravitreal injections. Panels C&D show that Bcl-xL (C) and Akt (D) are increased, demonstrating that IGFBP-3 promotes survival of retinal cells during diabetes. *P<0.05 vs ctrl. #P<0.05 vs. Diabetic only, $P<0.05 vs. Diab+BP3. N = 5 for all groups. Data are mean ± SEM.