Filarial infection is associated with increased levels of antigen - induced IL-19 and IL-24 and decreased levels of IL-26.

<p>The total levels of IL-19 (A), IL-24 (B) and IL-26 (C) in PBMC culture supernatants at baseline or following stimulation with BmA, Mf, PPD or PMA/ionomycin in CP (n = 19) and INF (n = 17) individuals. Antigen – stimulated cytokine levels are shown as net cytokine levels with baseline subtracted. The data are shown as scatter plots with each circle representing a single individual or as bar graphs with geometric means and 95% confidence intervals. P values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney test.