Imaging and histologic analyses of MNPs.

<p>(a) Image showing a rat radial segment model; radial segment was removed and then nanofiber scaffold was placed underneath and then rolled to cover the defect region, providing a columnar radial space while preventing soft tissue invasion into the defect region, and the implantation system was schematically drawn in (b), showing relation between outer rolled scaffold, and bone tissue integration within a defect area in radius and the unla in proximity to the scaffold. (c) Representative H&E stained histologic appearance made at 8 weeks after operation. Histologic analysis was made in the regions ‘A’ and ‘B’, and presented in (d) control group free of scaffold, (e) pure PCL scaffolding group, and (f) 15MNP scaffolding group. Enlarged images of bracket regions in ‘B’, showing the new bone formation (woven bone (WB) structure similar to native ulna, and the area indicated as red dotted line). Abbreviations are OB: old bone of radius, M: muscle, RM: remained material, WB: woven bone. Black arrows: bone growing direction, black arrowheads: cell migration from new tissue into material part, white dotted lines: border of ulna and neo-tissue, and red dotted lines: area of WB.