Levels of different cytokines in culture supernatants after stimulation of PBMCs with <i>H. pylori</i> MP or PHA.

<p>Cytokines were measured by ELISA (IL-13, adults; n = 8 and infants; n = 9) and CBA (IL-5, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-2; adults n = 13 and infants; n = 17). Cytokine levels (pg/ml) are expressed as medians (range) after subtraction of responses to medium alone. Lower numbers of samples could be analyzed for IL-13 than the other cytokines, since the IL-13 ELISA analysis required larger sample volumes than the CBA analysis.</p><p>***P<0.001; infants versus adults.