The evolution of multivariate maternal effects for different frequencies <i>ω</i>₁ of environmental change, when periodically fluctuating selection is identical across traits (i.e., <i>θ</i>₁(<i>t</i>) = <i>θ</i>₂(<i>t</i>)).

<p>Panels A, B: entries of the multivariate maternal effects matrix <b>M</b> evolve towards two alternatively stable outcomes (outcome 1 and outcome 2). Panel C: real and imaginary parts of the eigenvalue of the maternal effects matrix are identical for both outcomes. For the sake of clarity, a value of 0.01 was subtracted from the eigenvalues of outcome 2, to prevent overlap with the eigenvalues in outcome 1. Each point in panels A and B depicts values of the maternal effect (at generation ) averaged over ten replicate generations, while shading depicts corresponding standard deviations. Parameters: .