Root Mean Squared (RMS) error of the six filters in each flu season.

<p>Each of the six model-filter frameworks was run 5 times to simulate the historical ILI+ time series for 115 U.S. cities during each flu season. RMS error for each run was calculated; the numbers presented are average RMS error and 95% confidence intervals (in parentheses) over all runs and all cities for each model-filter framework.