Cost-effectiveness of alternative HIV testing and treatment strategies in the UK.

<p>The incremental costs (x-axis) and QALYs (y-axis) of different HIV testing and treatment scenarios are shown, relative to status quo levels. The blue points correspond to universal HIV testing strategies for all adults, with testing every one, two, or three years. The green points correspond to targeted strategies, with annual testing for high-risk persons and testing every two years or one-time for all other persons. The red points correspond to an expanded HIV testing program coupled with 75% antiretroviral therapy initiation of at CD4 <350 cells/mm³. The solid black line marks the cost-effectiveness frontier, or the set of strategies that is most economically efficient, and the corresponding incremental cost-effectiveness ratios are given. Costs and QALYs are discounted at 3% annually, and include the direct costs of the programs over 10 years, as well as the lifetime costs and QALYs of all individuals in the population. HR = high-risk, and includes men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), and men and women from HIV-endemic countries. LR = low-risk, and includes men and women who do not belong to the identified key populations. ART = antiretroviral therapy. QALY = quality-adjusted life year.