Association between coffee consumption and the incidence of dementia or cognitive decline (MCI or dementia).

<p>Values expressed as odds ratios (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated.</p>†<p>Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex.</p>§<p>Model 2 was adjusted as for model 1 plus history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, education, and ApoE E4 carrier status.</p>¶<p>Model 3 was adjusted as for model 2 plus alcohol drinking, smoking, physical activities and/or hobbies, and coffee and black tea consumption.