Simplified representation of shifts in diversification rates across Poaceae based on calibration #1.

<p>Darker shades of grey indicate higher rates of diversification. Red triangles indicate the approximate phylogenetic placement of C₄ lineages. The left point of each triangle corresponds to the stem age of the inferred shift. The transition from dark green to yellow across the bottom indicates the average timing of the rise of open, grassland habitats on different continents <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0097722#pone.0097722-Edwards1" target="_blank">[2]</a>. Rate shifts correspond to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0097722#pone.0097722.s007" target="_blank">Table S5</a> and are labeled as follows: 1) background diversification rate, 2) BEP+PACMAD 3)Bambusoideae+Pooideae, 4) early diverging Pooideae, 5)Phaneospermateae, 6) <i>Perrierbambus</i>+<i>Bonia</i> clade 7) Poeae 2 clade, 8) <i>Poa</i>+<i>Alopecurus</i> clade, 9) <i>Agrostis</i>+<i>Calamagrostis</i> clade, 10) <i>Festuca</i>, 11) Core Panicineae, 12) Andropogoneae+Paspaleae, 13) <i>Sorghum</i>+<i>Andropogon</i> clade, 14) <i>Axonopus</i>+<i>Paspalum</i> clade, 15) <i>Poecilostachys</i>, 16) <i>Eragrostis</i> clade, 17) <i>Spartina</i> clade, 18) <i>Tripogon</i> (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0097722#pone.0097722.s007" target="_blank">Table S5</a>).