Inflammatory events in the LEL model partially reflect those occurring in intestinal inflammation <i>in vivo.</i>

<p>(<b>A</b>) The overlap of differentially expressed genes in the LEL model <i>in vitro</i> and in inflamed tissue obtained from ulcerative colitis patients (vs. normal control tissue) as published in Granlund <i>et al. </i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0097780#pone.0097780-Granlund1" target="_blank">[22]</a> is depicted by a Venn diagram. (<b>B</b>) Upregulation of the IBD biomarker gene <i>CXCL2</i> in the LEL model. Tissue samples of total mucosa (TM) were collected prior to culturing (0 h TM). Furthermore, tissue samples were collected simultaneously from both TM and LEL mucosa after completion of epithelial cell release by EDTA treatment (5 h TM, 5 h LEL-M) (see Fig. 1a). Subsequently, transcript levels of <i>CXCL2</i> were determined by qRT-PCR. Shown are the mean normalized transcript numbers ± SEM of three to four independent experiments. Gray bars represent transcript levels of TM (0 h, 5 h), the black bar represents transcript levels of LEL-M (5 h). (<b>C</b>) Identification of <i>DUSP2</i> as a novel gene upregulated in intestinal inflammation. <i>Left panel:</i> Tissue samples of total mucosa (TM) were collected prior to culturing (0 h TM). Furthermore, tissue samples were collected simultaneously from both TM and LEL mucosa after completion of epithelial cell release by EDTA treatment (5 h TM, 5 h LEL-M) (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0097780#pone-0097780-g001" target="_blank">Fig.1a</a>). Subsequently, transcript levels of <i>DUSP2</i> were determined by qRT-PCR. Shown are normalised transcript numbers (including mean) as determined in four independent experiments. <i>Right panel:</i> Transcript levels of <i>DUSP2</i> were determined in transmural tissue samples of normal (NC) as well as of inflamed (UC, CD) gut by qRT-PCR. Shown are normalized transcript numbers (including mean) as determined in five different tissue samples of NC, UC, and CD, respectively.