Box-plots of hemoglobin in pregnant and non-pregnant women with or without asymptomatic malaria.

<p>Box-plots represent the median and interquartile range of hemoglobin concentration. Panel <b>A</b> shows values in non-pregnant (n = 444) and pregnant (n = 495), <b>B</b>, malaria negative (n = 926) and malaria positive (n = 13), and <b>C</b>, the interaction of pregnancy and malaria indicating the lowest hemoglobin concentration in malaria-positive pregnant women (n = 10) compared with malaria-negative non-pregnant (n = 441) or pregnant (n = 485) women or malaria-positive non-pregnant women (n = 3). (Statistical significance by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis equality of populations test)