<p>A–D) Representative recordings for ChR2-mediated spiking activity for wt-ChR2 (A), L132C (B), L132C/T159C (C), and L132C/T159S (D). In each panel, a raster plot of 10 recordings and an averaged spike rate histogram are shown in the top and bottom panels, respectively. The light intensities used were 0 and 1 ND attenuation for wt-ChR2 and L132C, respectively, and 2 and 2.5 ND attenuation for L32C/T159C and L132C/T159S, respectively. E) The responses from the same L132C/T159S mutant RGC to a higher light intensity with the same frequencies. The ability of the L132C/T159S mutant to follow the flickering light stimuli at all frequencies was deteriorated. The light intensities were measured as photons/cm<sup>2</sup>s.</p
Experiment: Spiking reliability of ChR2-EYFP-positive dorsal raphe neurons in response to trains of ...
<p>(A) Despite expression of Opto-mGluR6 only in ON-bipolar cells, the RGCs have both ON and OFF rec...
The ectopic expression of microbial opsin-based optogenetic sensors, such as channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR...
<p>A–D) Representative recordings for ChR2-mediated spiking activity for wt-ChR2 (A), L132C (B), L13...
<p>Representative recordings of the ChR2-mediated spiking activities of the RGCs of motif-targeted (...
<p>A–C) ChR2-mediated light response without motif (A), with Kv2.1 (B) and NLG1 motif (C). D–F) NpHR...
<p>(A) Increase in PC spike rate during 5 sec light activation of GCs expressing ChR2. Raster plots ...
<p>A–G) ChR2-mediated currents from wt-ChR2 (A), T159C (B), T159S (C), L132C (D), L132C/T159C (E), L...
<p>A, B) The light intensity response curves for the peak (A) and plateau currents (B) for wt and si...
<p>(A) Raster plot (top) and peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH, below) during light application to ...
<p>Representative spectral response curves for wt-ChR2, T159C, L132C, T159S, L132C/T159C, L132C/T159...
<p>A) Rasterplot of spontaneous RGC activity recorded in C57BL/6 retinas in darkness. Each tick repr...
<p>Photocurrents of BR-F171C (A) and BR-F219L (E) induced by illumination with green light (grey bar...
<p>Photocurrents of BR-D96N (A) and BR-D96G (F) induced by illumination with green light (grey bar) ...
<p>The peak and plateau currents for all mutants, except L132A/T59S and L132S/T159A, were elicited b...
Experiment: Spiking reliability of ChR2-EYFP-positive dorsal raphe neurons in response to trains of ...
<p>(A) Despite expression of Opto-mGluR6 only in ON-bipolar cells, the RGCs have both ON and OFF rec...
The ectopic expression of microbial opsin-based optogenetic sensors, such as channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR...
<p>A–D) Representative recordings for ChR2-mediated spiking activity for wt-ChR2 (A), L132C (B), L13...
<p>Representative recordings of the ChR2-mediated spiking activities of the RGCs of motif-targeted (...
<p>A–C) ChR2-mediated light response without motif (A), with Kv2.1 (B) and NLG1 motif (C). D–F) NpHR...
<p>(A) Increase in PC spike rate during 5 sec light activation of GCs expressing ChR2. Raster plots ...
<p>A–G) ChR2-mediated currents from wt-ChR2 (A), T159C (B), T159S (C), L132C (D), L132C/T159C (E), L...
<p>A, B) The light intensity response curves for the peak (A) and plateau currents (B) for wt and si...
<p>(A) Raster plot (top) and peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH, below) during light application to ...
<p>Representative spectral response curves for wt-ChR2, T159C, L132C, T159S, L132C/T159C, L132C/T159...
<p>A) Rasterplot of spontaneous RGC activity recorded in C57BL/6 retinas in darkness. Each tick repr...
<p>Photocurrents of BR-F171C (A) and BR-F219L (E) induced by illumination with green light (grey bar...
<p>Photocurrents of BR-D96N (A) and BR-D96G (F) induced by illumination with green light (grey bar) ...
<p>The peak and plateau currents for all mutants, except L132A/T59S and L132S/T159A, were elicited b...
Experiment: Spiking reliability of ChR2-EYFP-positive dorsal raphe neurons in response to trains of ...
<p>(A) Despite expression of Opto-mGluR6 only in ON-bipolar cells, the RGCs have both ON and OFF rec...
The ectopic expression of microbial opsin-based optogenetic sensors, such as channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR...