Operon translocation and fusion at the <i>cps</i>-<i>lps</i> polysaccharide synthesis locus.

<p>The <i>cps</i> P1, P2 and P3 promoters are taken from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099209#pone.0099209-Arakawa1" target="_blank">[68]</a>, while a promoter (P<i>lps</i>) has been mapped in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> MGH 78578 to the intergenic space between <i>uge</i> and the first <i>lps</i> gene <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099209#pone.0099209-Seo1" target="_blank">[69]</a>. <b>A</b>) The <i>cps-lps</i> region of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> 342, which is typical of <i>Klebsiella</i>. Genes of <i>cps</i> are in yellow (common in most strains) or blue (varying in gene identity, count, and order); genes of <i>lps</i> are in red. The <i>manCB</i> unit (orange arrows) is occasionally found in <i>cps</i>, and occasionally in <i>lps</i>, and here unusually in both. The diamond represents the JUMPstart DNA/RNA motif at whose <i>ops</i> sequence RfaH is loaded onto the elongating RNA polymerase in place of NusG, preventing Rho-based termination for the small number of long transcription units that are controlled by <i>ops</i>-RfaH, and physically coupling the elongating RNA polymerase to the trailing ribosome <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099209#pone.0099209-Artsimovitch1" target="_blank">[70]</a>. <b>B</b>) Kpn2146 <i>cps-lps</i>. The boxed <i>cps</i> P3 unit has been deleted from its usual site, and moreover translocated to a nearby position, apparently by transposition and/or homologous recombination mechanisms; note the complex pattern of surrounding IS insertions and the directly repeated flanking sequence copies (gray arrows).ΔIS, incomplete IS copy; dotted lines, gene or IS interrupted by ISs; GT, glucosyl transferase, Hyp, hypothetical.