Local activity propagation leads to avalanche dynamics that can be observed by windows with varying sizes.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Small avalanches identified within small windows are parts of larger avalanches identified in large windows. Examples of the spatiotemporal pattern of an avalanche as observed through windows of increasing size. Note that for the smallest window, the avalanche was separated into two smaller avalanches. (<b>B</b>) Probability map of nLFP propagations, showing the probability, <i>p</i>, of detecting a decedent nLFP at certain location in the next time bin (2 ms, upper row; 4 ms, lower row) after a single nLFP has been detected. The initial nLFP is always positioned at the center of the map (0, 0) and the unit of distance, <i>Δd</i>, is the inter-electrode distance of the recording array (0.4 mm). (<b>C</b>) Estimation of balanced propagation depends on window size. The estimated branching parameter, <i>σ</i>, increases with window <i>N</i>, approaching the critical value of <i>σ</i> = 1. (<b>D</b>) Branching parameter as a function of avalanche size, <i>σ</i>(<i>s</i>), is plotted for the four observation windows used in <i>A</i> (color coded). Individual dots represent average <i>σ</i> for avalanches with different sizes, <i>s</i> = 1, …, <i>N</i> for monkey 1 (monkey 2 gave similar results; not shown).