Gene expression analyses of fibroblasts before and after chemical transdifferentiation.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Gene-expression profiles of transdifferentiated in vitro fibroblasts from patient whit diabetes type 1 (patient HF1, tree replicates) and parental controls fibroblasts by RT-PCR analysis. (<b>B</b>) Gene-expression profiles of transdifferentiated fibroblasts (n = 6 replicates) and untreated control fibroblasts (n = 3 replicates) by quantitative PCR analysis in pancreatic genes (<i>INS</i>, <i>GCG</i>) and fibroblast markers (<i>MEOX</i>, <i>ASPN</i>) (<i>t</i> test, P<0.05). The bars represent the standard errors of independent experiments. (<b>C</b>) Hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes. Using normalized value, plotted a heat map of hierarchical clustering on distance similarity for samples and probes. (<b>D</b>) Plotted a scatter plot of expression level between groups. The red dots indicate significant probes (2-Fold). (<b>E</b>) Venn diagram for overlapped upregulated (up) and downregulated (down) gene expression in transdifferentiated cells groups. <b><i>HF1 and HF2</i></b>: fibroblasts from patients with type 1 diabetes; <b><i>Transdifferentiated</i></b>: fibroblasts chemically transdifferentiated for 30 days; <b><i>Untreated</i></b>: fibroblasts day 2–5; <b><i>Control treated</i></b>: fibroblasts cultured for 30 days without chemical induction. <b><i>Rep</i></b>: Replicates.