YPFS stimulates IALP expression and activity in Caco-2 cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>): Caco-2 cells (100,000/well) cultured in 6-well plates were treated with herbal extracts and cells were harvested on various days. IALP mRNA levels were quantified using RT-PCR, and the values were normalized relative to GAPDH expression. (<b>B</b>): Caco-2 cells (50,000/well) cultured in 12-well plates were treated with herbal extracts. Cells were harvested on various days as in (A) and extracts were prepared using a lysis buffer (pH 10.4). IALP activity in Caco-2 cells was measured by mixing samples with 5 mM p-nitrophenyl phosphate, and absorbance was measured at 405 nm; enzyme activity is expressed as µmol cleaved substrate/mg protein. Here, sodium butyrate (1 mM) served as the positive control. Values are expressed as fold-increases relative to basal reading (taken on the first day of culture); mean ± SD are shown, <i>n = </i>3, each with triplicate samples. *<i>p</i><0.05; **<i>p</i><0.01; ***<i>p</i><0.001.