Luteolin and gefitinib induce death of PC-3 cells.

<p>A, the numbers of viable PC-3 cells 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after the addition of solvent alone (DMSO), 60 µM luteolin, 60 µM gefitinib, or 60 µM luteolin plus 60 µM gefitinib to the culture medium. The data are represented as the mean ± SEM of n = 3 independent experiments at each concentration. B, immunoblot analyses of GAK, AR, caspase-3, and α-tubulin (control) protein levels in PC-3 cells exposed to solvent alone (DMSO), 60 µM luteolin, 60 µM gefitinib, or 60 µM luteolin plus 60 µM gefitinib for 0–72 h. The arrowheads indicate reduced expression levels of GAK and AR in cells exposed to the drugs for 72 h. The arrows indicate the emergence of activated caspase-3, which suggested that gefitinib and luteolin induced apoptosis. C, FACS analysis of PC-3 cells PC-3 cells exposed to solvent alone (DMSO), 60 µM luteolin, 60 µM gefitinib, or 60 µM luteolin plus 60 µM gefitinib for 72 h. The arrowheads indicate the subG1 populations. D, the percentages of PC-3 cells in the indicated phases of the cell cycle after exposure to the same treatments for 72 h.