ULK1, LC3B, p62, FOXO3a, MAFbx, and MURF1 levels in skeletal muscle biopsies taken after an overnight fast of 10(control) and after a 72-hour-fast (fast) before and during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp were assessed with western blotting.

<p>Throughout the figure, open bars indicate no insulin stimulation and filled bars insulin stimulation. A: Phosphorylation of ULK1 was significantly decreased after 72 hours fasting (§ P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a main effect of 72 hours of fasting (* P<0.05) and insulin stimulation on ULK1 Ser⁷⁵⁷ phosphorylation († P<0.05). Post hoc test showed that ULK1 phosphorylation in basal condition was significantly decreased after fasting (‡ P<0.05). B: there was a main effect of 72 hours of fasting (* P<0.05) and insulin stimulation († P<0.05) on LC3B-II expression. Post hoc test showed that LC3B-II before and during insulin stimulation was significantly increased (‡ P<0.05). C: there was a main effect of 72 hours of fasting on p62 protein expression (* P<0.05). Post hoc test showed that p62 expression was significantly increased both during the basal period and during the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (‡ P<0.05), without any effect of insulin stimulation. D, E, and F: 72 hours of fasting and insulin stimulation did not affect FOXO3a Ser^318-321 phosphorylation or protein expression of MAFbx and MURF1.