The anti-edematous effects of i.p. anti-TNF-α antibody and AG in carrageenan-injected adult zebrafish.

<p>The photographic images show the gross pathology of the abdomen in the lateral view in the i.p. vehicle (PBS) plus i.p. vehicle group (A and E), the i.p. vehicle plus i.p. 1.5% carrageenan group (B and F), the i.p. anti-TNF-α antibody (1∶5 dilution in a volume of 20 µL) plus i.p. 1.5% carrageenan group (C and G), and the i.p. AG (1 µg) plus i.p. 1.5% carrageenan group (D and H). Images A–D were taken at 0 h after the second injection of vehicle or carrageenan (as well as 1 h after the first injection of vehicle, anti-TNF-α antibody, or AG); images E–H were taken at 24 h after the second injection of vehicle or carrageenan (as well as 25 h after the first injection of vehicle, anti-TNF-α antibody, or AG injection). Scale bars: 5 mm for all images. Quantification of the lateral area of the abdomen induced by the second injection of vehicle or carrageenan in adult zebrafish using a photographic image analysis system (I). Anti-TNF-α antibody or AG administered 1 h before carrageenan injection markedly reduced carrageenan-induced abdominal edema. Each bar in Figure (I) represents the mean ± SEM of 9 adult zebrafish per group. anti-TNF: anti-TNF-α antibody; AG: aminoguanidine; Ca: carrageenan; <b>*</b><i>P</i><0.05 compared with the i.p. injection of vehicle plus i.p. vehicle group; #<i>P</i><0.05 compared with the i.p. vehicle plus i.p. 1.5% carrageenan group.