Phylogenetic and gene expression analyses of VNDs.

<p>(A) Phylogenetic relationship of VND1 to VND5 together with other Arabidopsis secondary wall NACs. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with the neighbor-joining algorithm using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA5.2 (Tamura et al., 2011). Bootstrap values resulted from 1,000 replicates are shown at the nodes. (B) Quantitative PCR analysis showing the expression of <i>VND1</i> to <i>VND5</i> in different cell types isolated from Arabidopsis inflorescence stems. The expression of each <i>VND</i> in pith cells was set to 1. (C) Quantitative PCR analysis showing the expression of <i>VND1</i> to <i>VND5</i> in different organs. The expression of each <i>VND</i> in the organ with the lowest expression was set to 1. Error bars denote SE of three biological replicates.