Experimental techniques.

<p>A: Extraction of left mandibular teeth. B: Three months after extraction. C: Hemi-mandibular bone was removed to establish a hemi-mandibular defect. D: The shape and size of the allogenic mandibular scaffold was matched (The arrow indicate the allogenic mandibular scaffold). E: In the experimental group, the hemi-mandibular defect was reconstructed using allogenic mandibular scaffold-loaded MSCs. F: In the control group, hemi-mandibular defects were reconstructed using allogenic mandibular scaffolds only.