Nitrite production in chicken macrophage cells (MQ-NCSU cell line) with a variety of different types of TLR ligands.

<p>Chicken macrophages were stimulated with Pam3CSK4 (10, 1, and 0.1 µg/µl), PolyI∶C (50, 10, and 1 µg/µl), LPS (<i>E. coli</i> 0111∶B4; 10, 1, and 0.1 µg/µl), LPS (<i>E. coli</i> 026∶B6; 10, 1, and 0.1 µg/µl), R848 (10, 1, and 0.1 µg/µl), class A CpG ODN 2216 (10, 1, and 0.1 µg/µl), class B CpG ODN 2007 (10, 1, and 0.1 µg/µl), class B CpG ODN 1826 (10, 1, and 0.1 µg/µl), class C CpG ODN 2395 (10, 1, and 0.1 µg/µl), non-CpG ODN (10 µg/µl), and medium. Subsequently, nitrite in supernatants was measured after 48 hours of stimulation via the Griess assay. Nitric oxide production in each TLR ligand concentration group was compared to the cells without stimulation using a two tailed student's t test. Significant differences (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) between a test group and the group without stimulation (medium) are indicated by *. Significant differences (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) between different doses of TLR ligands are presented by #.