Inhibition of NF-κB action induced cell apoptosis in primary histoculture of CCA patient tissues.

<p>Tumor tissues of CCA patients (n = 4) were cultured in medium containing 20% fetal calf serum in the absence or presence of 5, 10 and 20 µg/mL DHMEQ for 4 days. A) Apoptotic cells in tumor tissues were determined using the TUNEL assay. B) The number of apoptotic cells observed in DHMEQ-treated tissues was increased significantly compared with those of the control. Red arrows indicated TUNEL-positive nuclei (dead cells) and the blue stained cells were TUNEL-negative nuclei (alive cells), magnification ×40. *<i>P</i>< 0.05 independent-sample t-test compared to the control group.