Contribution of Dysferlin Deficiency to Skeletal Muscle Pathology in Asymptomatic and Severe Dystroglycanopathy Models: Generation of a New Model for Fukuyama Congenital Muscular Dystrophy

<div><p>Defects in dystroglycan glycosylation are associated with a group of muscular dystrophies, termed dystroglycanopathies, that include Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD). It is widely believed that abnormal glycosylation of dystroglycan leads to disease-causing membrane fragility. We previously generated knock-in mice carrying a founder retrotransposal insertion in <i>fukutin</i>, the gene responsible for FCMD, but these mice did not develop muscular dystrophy, which hindered exploring therapeutic strategies. We hypothesized that dysferlin functions may contribute to muscle cell viability in the knock-in mice; however, pathological interactions between glycosylation abnormalities and dysferlin defects remain unexplored. To investigate contributions of dysferlin deficiency to the pathology of dystroglycanopathy, we have crossed dysferlin-deficient <i>dysferlin</i>^sjl/sjl mice to the fukutin-knock-in <i>fukutin</i>^Hp/− and Large-deficient <i>Large</i>^myd/myd mice, which are phenotypically distinct models of dystroglycanopathy. The <i>fukutin</i>^Hp/− mice do not show a dystrophic phenotype; however, (<i>dysferlin</i>^sjl/sjl: <i>fukutin</i>^Hp/−) mice showed a deteriorated phenotype compared with (<i>dysferlin</i>^sjl/sjl: <i>fukutin</i>^Hp/+) mice. These data indicate that the absence of functional dysferlin in the asymptomatic <i>fukutin</i>^Hp/− mice triggers disease manifestation and aggravates the dystrophic phenotype. A series of pathological analyses using double mutant mice for Large and dysferlin indicate that the protective effects of dysferlin appear diminished when the dystrophic pathology is severe and also may depend on the amount of dysferlin proteins. Together, our results show that dysferlin exerts protective effects on the <i>fukutin</i>^Hp/− FCMD mouse model, and the (<i>dysferlin</i>^sjl/sjl: <i>fukutin</i>^Hp/−) mice will be useful as a novel model for a recently proposed antisense oligonucleotide therapy for FCMD.</p>